Sample of Issue Based Essay

Sample of Issue Based EssayIn college, one has to think of a sample of issue based essay on how you can make this world a better place for everyone. College students know that every individual in the world has different desires and needs. There are so many things to consider about the world today, what people desire, needs, strengths and weaknesses.A great part of one's daily exercise in his or her education is to develop a few issues and take a position on them. It is very important to concentrate in making sure that everything they want is possible, then let go of the easy things as well. When they are free from the snares of things as a result of them being easy, they have more choices for their future.Colleges would love to see students put their own opinions forward on issues that are important to them, that might differ from the opinion of the professor. Sometimes, some teachers will give in to pressure from some students and will only give their views and ideas on the things t hat are easy to put forward. This is why it is important to choose your position carefully in order to see your ideas prevail over the crowd.Good samples of issue based essay can be found in high school and in elementary school, in which students write an essay on things that they wish would happen or that they would do differently, based on their experiences or what they have learned about the world. In elementary schools, it might be as simple as wishing there was a teacher who could ask them what they wanted instead of just telling them what they need to do. With so many different types of students, you will find this in almost any type of classroom.Once you have a couple of issues or ideas, it might be time to sit down and organize the things that you want to write about. Try to think of different topics that will apply to what you are writing. You might want to talk about international politics or maybe you will write an essay on having a good life.You may wish to make this wor k in your favor. Most importantly, decide what you are going to write about, and decide whether it can be a 'teachable moment' for someone else to see what he or she can achieve in life. Also, you may wish to write a few samples of sample issue based essays on your life in the hopes that others will benefit from it as well.Writing an issue based essay will help you to come up with better and more creative thoughts on life. After all, you will be showing these ideas to others. In this way, you can learn about yourself and how others see the world.

BristolMyers Squibb Company Essay Research Paper Joseph free essay sample

Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Essay, Research Paper Joseph Esposito Intermediate Accounting II Dr. Ahmed Goma Bristol-Myers Squibb Company # 8220 ; A Critical Analysis to Disclosure in Financial Reporting # 8221 ; Bristol-Myers mission is to be the preeminent planetary diversified wellness and personal attention Company. Bristol-Myers seeks to accomplish success in the planetary market place. Product- Bristol-Myers is a shaper of many utile merchandises that people use and may depend on today. There merchandises range from Pharmaceutical ( $ 8,672 million ) , consumer medical specialties ( $ 4,278 million ) , Clairol a good known hair attention system ( $ 1,160 million ) , Matrix ( $ 306 million ) , Mead Johnson nutritionary ( $ 1,789 million ) , Convatec ( $ 726 million ) , and Zimmer ( $ 1,134 ) . Some of Bristol-Myers more good known Pharmaceuticals are Taxol which is a anticancer agent that Bristol-Myers Squibb has made one of its top research and development precedences worldwide and Pravachol received FDA labeling as the universe # 8217 ; s first lipid take downing drug to forestall first bosom onslaughts. Some of Bristol-Myers well-known world-wide consumer merchandises are Ban ( deodourant ) , Nuprin, Bufferin and Excedrin ( concern alleviation drugs ) merely celebrated its thirtieth twelvemonth. We will write a custom essay sample on BristolMyers Squibb Company Essay Research Paper Joseph or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Clairol is known as one of he most widely used hair attention merchandises around the universe. Matrix a subordinate of Bristol-Myers makes merchandises such as Vavoom and Biolace hair attention merchandises. Mead Johnson Nutritional another one of Bristol-Myers really successful subordinates trades with vitamins and pamper expressions such as well-known favourites like Enfamil which is said to be every bit close to breast milk. Convatec which deals with lesion, skin attention and chronic attention merchandises. Finally, Zimmer is a shaper of surgical attention devices. Industry- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company is in one of the most competitory industries in the universe. In the last 10 old ages pharmaceutical merchandises have become progressively of import. With such diseases such as Aids and Cancer blighting our society, companies such as Bristol-Myers have to take a lead function in contending these deathly diseases. Bristol-Myers is known as one of the leaders against malignant neoplastic disease. In January of 1991 Bristol-Myers was chosen by the National Career Institute ( NCI ) to go a commercial developer of Paclitaxol, now Taxol, which is the discovery intervention against Ovarian and chest malignant neoplastic disease. Taxol comes from a rare species of yew tree found in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Fabrication of the substance International Relations and Security Network # 8217 ; t easy due to the 50-step procedure taken to pull out it. Bristol-Myers made Taxol its figure one Research and Development precedence. Bristol-Myers leads worldwide in Cancer research and prides itself on it. Market- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company # 8217 ; s market International Relations and Security Network # 8217 ; t merely the U.S. Its market extends all over the universe, from Europe, Asia and South America. One of Bristol-Myers biggest market is Eastern Europe. A Magyar company named Pharmavit develops one of Eastern Europe # 8217 ; s most popular vitamins called Plusssz. Plusssz has achieved 97 per centum name acknowledgment in Hungary. Fifty per centum of the people have used the merchandise while 24 per centum usage it on a regular basis. The Plusssz line has become so successful that Mead Johnson, Bristol-Myers planetary nutritionary concern, is test selling Plusssz for launch in the Philippines and many other parts of the universe. Plusssz has established Bristol-Myers as an instant participant in Hungary, a market that is among the most competitory in all of Eastern Europe. Similarities and Differences- There are many similarities and differences between Bristol-Myers Annual Reports, Form 10K and 10Q Reports. The one-year studies for Bristol-Myers are really colourful and elaborate. However the Form 10K and 10Q studies are non colourful but merely Fiscal Statements. The one-year study is designed for the stockholder and informs any would be purchaser. Whereas the Form10K and 10Q studies are in apparent black and white and function the intent of informing none merely the Securities and Exchange Commission ( SEC ) . It is non sent out to stockholders or would be stockholders so it isn # 8217 ; t as brassy and calendered as the one-year study. The Form 10K study has many studies inside. The 10K first begins with an debut merely as the one-year study does with a description of Bristol-Myers. It than goes into item about its merchandises much like the one-year study, nevertheless with no images or colour which the one-year study uses to its advantage. Howev er the 10K study doesn # 8217 ; t explicate in item about the merchandises. It gives a short description whereas the one-year study goes into full item about all its merchandises. After merchandises the 10K goes into item about its Domestic and Foreign operations. It starts speaking about belongingss and some of Bristol-Myers legal proceedings. The one-year study besides talks about its judicial proceeding # 8217 ; s but it hides it manner in the dorsum of the study. Largely everything from growing to success is talked about in the one-year study. After judicial proceeding # 8217 ; s the 10K goes into more about the Executive Officers, there names and ages to their place on the board. The Form 10K study is a study that is published by the financial twelvemonth while the Form 10Q study is published quarterly and the one-year study is done every twelvemonth. The Form 10K study uses a five-year fiscal sum-up. The Form 10Q studies about the company in quarters, while the one-year study summarizes the twelvemonth. In 1994, Note 1 of the Accounting rules negotiations about the Basis of Consolidation. Which merely explains that the fiscal statements have Bristol-Myers and all of its subordinates. Cash and Cash Equivalents which is the hard currency on hard currency equivalents that mature in three months or less at the clip of purchase, recorded at cost, which approximates market. Time Deposits and Marketable Securities are available for sale and are recorded at just value, which approximates cost. Inventory rating are by and large stated at mean cost, non in surplus of market. Property and Depreciation- outgos for extra reclamations and improvement # 8217 ; s are capitalized at cost, while depreciation is computed utilizing the straight-line method. The extra to be over the net assets received prior to October 31, 1970is being amortized on a straight-line footing over periods non transcending 40 old ages. The net incomes per portion are computed utilizing the weighted-average figure of portion s outstanding during the twelvemonth. Note 1 Accounting Principles is the same enemy 1995 and 1996. In 1994 Note 2 they talk about Particular Charge, which explains the judicial proceeding # 8217 ; s of the company for that twelvemonth. It is the same for 1995. In 1996 Note 2 they talk about all of there acquisitions for the twelvemonth alternatively of the judicial proceeding # 8217 ; s from the old twelvemonth cause a colony was made in 1995. For 1994 and 1995 they talk about acquisitions in Note 3. For Note 4 in 1994 and 1995 they talk about the restructuring programs for the twelvemonth. In 1994 and 1995 they explain foreign currency passage and in 1996 it is included under note 4. In 1994 and 1995 note 6 explains other income and disbursals and in 1996 they talk about there stock lists. In 1994 and 1995 note 7 contains information on proviso for income revenue enhancements, net incomes before income revenue enhancements, nevertheless in 1996 belongings, works and equipment in note 7. In 1994 and 1995 stock lists is explained for note 8, but in 1996 short-run adoption and long-run debt is the high spot for note 8. In 1994 and 1995 note 9 contains the belongings, works and equipment information, but 1996 shareholders equity is in note 9. Accrued disbursals and other liabilities are given in 1994 and 1995 for note 10, but in 1996 they talk about the fiscal instruments. In 1994 and 1995 note 11 goes on about the short term adoption and long term debt and in 1996 note 11 negotiations a small about rentals. Financial Instrument is headlined in note 12 for 1994 and 1995, nevertheless 1996goes into the section information. In 1994 and 1996 retirement benefits are e xplained in note 13, but in 1995 shareholders equity is the pick here. In 1994 and 1996 note 14 contains postretirement benefits plans other than pension, and in 1995 rental is the topic. In 1994 shareholders equity is brought up and 1995 postretirement benefits and plans other than pensions are talked about in item while in 1996 the eventualities of the litigation’s are brought up and there consequences. In 1994 note 17 contains the section information foe the companies merchandises are reported. In 1995 eventualities is the topic of the consequences of their litigation’s through the twelvemonth. And in 1994 eventualities is the concluding note 18. Note 9- Stockholders # 8217 ; Equity: On December 3,1996, Bristol-Myers Squibb board of managers authorized a two-for-one split of it common stock effectual February of 1997. The board besides recommended an amendment be considered for blessing at the one-year meeting of shareholders to increase the figure of authorised portions of common stock from 1.5 billion to 2.25 billion portions. Each of the companies preferred portions are exchangeable to 8.48 portions of common stock and is callable at the companies option. The decrease in 1996, 1995, and 1994 were a consequence due to the transition in common stock. The dividends per common stock for 1996 was $ 1.50, 1995 it was $ 1.48 and in 1994 it was $ 1.46. Stock Compensation Plans: The company allows officers, managers and cardinal employees to buy company # 8217 ; s stock at no less than 100 % of the market monetary value on the day of the month the option is granted. Options by and large become exercisable at installments of 25 % per twelvemonth and have a upper limit of 10 old ages. The program besides provides granting of stock grasp rights where the grantee may give up exercisable options and receive common stock or hard currency measured by the extra market monetary value of the common stock over the exercising monetary value. This program besides guarantees certain executives allowing of performance-based stock options. Under the TeamShare Stock Option Plan, all full clip employees, excepting cardinal executives that meet certain old ages of service demands are granted these options to buy the company # 8217 ; s common stock on the day of the month of the market monetary value. The company authorized 30,000,000 for issue under this program. As of December 31,1996, 20,250,800 options were granted under the program with 400 options granted to eligible employers. These options become exercisable on the 3rd anniversary day of the month. The company applies the Accounting Principles Board sentiment No.25, Accounting for Stock issued to Employees, in accounting for its programs. If the compensation cost for the companies other stock option programs been determined based on the just value at the grant day of the month consistent with the metrology prescribed under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, The companies net income and net incomes per port ion would hold been reduced by $ 55 million or $ .05 per portion in 1996 and $ 35 million or $ .03 per portion in 1995. The just value of options granted in 1996 and 1995 were $ 8.51 per portion and $ 6.47 per portion utilizing the Black-Scholes option-pricing. At December 31, 1996, 104,976,640 portions of common stock was reserved for issue to the stock programs options of the preferable stock. For each outstanding portion the company gives one Right. The Right becomes exercisable if the individual or group acquires good involvement of 15 % or more, of the companies common stock. Each Right entitles the individual to purchase one one-thousandth of a portion of a series of preferable stock at the exercising monetary value of $ 200. The Right expires on December 18,1997. Each Right entitles its holder to get portions have a value twice the Right # 8217 ; s exert monetary value. The company than can deliver the Rights at $ .01 per Right at any clip until the 15th twenty-four hours after the proclamation that a 15 % place has been acquired. Note 1 Accounting Policies: Note 1 Accounting Policies are the same in all three old ages: Footing of Consolidation The amalgamate fiscal statements include the histories of Bristol-Myers Squibb Company and all of its subordinates. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and hard currency equivalents chiefly include securities with a adulthood of three months or less at the clip of purchase, recorded at cost, which approximates the market. Time Deposits and Market Securities Time sedimentations and marketable securities are available for sale and are recorded at just value, which approximates cost. Inventory Evaluation Inventories are by and large stated at mean cost, non in surplus of market. Capital Assets and Depreciation Outgos for add-ons, reclamations and improvement # 8217 ; s are capitalized at cost. Depreciation is by and large computed by the straight-line method based on the estimated utile lives of the related assets. Excess of cost over Net Tangible Assetss The surplus of cost over net tangibles assets receives in concern acquisitions is being amortized on a straight-line footing over periods non transcending 40 old ages. Net incomes Per Share Net incomes per common portion are computed utilizing the leaden mean figure of portions outstanding during the twelvemonth. The consequence of portions issuable under stock programs is non important. Bristol-Myers recorded a $ 310 million restructuring charge, $ 198 after revenue enhancements, in the 4th one-fourth of 1995. The restructuring had to make with the consolidation of workss, and installations related to employees expirations. The charge consisted of employee related costs of $ 190 million, $ 100 million of assets write-downs and $ 20 million of other related disbursals. Note 10 Fiscal Instruments: Bristol-Myers enter a foreign exchange option and send on the contracts to pull off its exposure to its currency fluctuations. Bristol-Myers has been exposed to foreign currency assets and liabilities, which totaled $ 1,640 million, $ 1,385 million and $ 1,117 million at December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994. The chief currency it is in is Deutsche Markss, Gallic francs, Italian lira and Nipponese hankering. The company mitigates the currency and its consequence through 3rd party borrowers and foreign exchange forward contracts. Foreign exchange option contract normally expire within the twelvemonth and are used to fudge intercompany cargos happening during the twelvemonth. Additions are recognized in the same period as the weasel-worded minutess. Some foreign exchange forwards are used to minimise exposure to fluctuating exchange rates. Additions or losingss are recognized as weasel-worded minutess. The sums of the companies contracts at December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 were $ 1,331 million, $ 1,377 and $ 1,120 million. The company does non fear for any inauspicious consequence on its financials ensuing from its engagement in this. At December 31,1996, 1995, and 1994 the transporting value of all fiscal instruments, both short-run and long-run, equal the just value. Decision I found Bristol-Myers to be a really interesting company. They have a wide scope of merchandises and they are known around the universe. Whether it is in the United States or every bit far as Europe and Asia. They lead the universe in malignant neoplastic disease research, but at that place research and development goes beyond merely contending malignant neoplastic disease. They have managed to dunk at that place manus in every market in the universe. Whether it is malignant neoplastic disease research to basic nutritionary demands to hair merchandise. Everything that we might utilize and take for granted might hold been produced by Bristol-Myers or one of there subordinates. Bristol-Myers genuinely has an border in what of all time they do. Strong competition though given from there rivals like Merck and Johnson A ; Johnson will assist Bristol-Myers acquire in front. Merely with this type of competition will companies win and will the people who need there valuable medical specialt y.

Analysis A Good Man is Hard to Find Essays

Analysis A Good Man is Hard to Find Essays Analysis A Good Man is Hard to Find Essay Analysis A Good Man is Hard to Find Essay ?In the story A good Man is Hard to Find by O’ Connor, the author fuses the comic and the horrific, mundane and the grotesque to achieve fulfill grace in the condescending old grandmother. The protagonist in this story, which is the Grandmother; is in an important position that life offers to everyone.The grandmother is facing death, which she is having a hard time preparing for it. She would love for the event to postpone but she knows that’s inventible. The old lady enjoyed life and Christianity on the outside but, in reality she lacked the real understanding of it all. Her way of living life judging others, the grandmother mocked not only her religion, but; family with the threat of the infamous Misfit.The grandmother is also a very good manipulator. The very first thing we find out about her is that rather going to Florida she has relatives in Tennessee that she wants to see.The Grandmother considers herself as a respectful lady; a respectful lady to grandmother means wearing nice clothes, and coming from the right blood.The Old lady has the Old South country ways mindset. The reason this is noticeable is by her making comments such as â€Å"Children were more respectful of their native states and their parents and everything else. People did right then†. In her own mind, the grandmother is certainly an overall â€Å"good person†. The grandmother feels as she is on top of everyone constantly proven to us in the story by her actions. Once the Grandmother encounters the Misfit and tries to tell him he is a good man we once again see her actions as a selfish manipulator as we did at the beginning of the story. She is particularly selfish she does not beg for anyone else’s life.The first thing the grandmother says after she sees who the Misfit is her first words are â€Å"You wouldn’t shoot a lady would you?†.She keeps up the act although the rest of her family is being taken to the woods to be killed.But,alt

Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 21

Accounting - Essay Example From the annual report 2011 of the Toyota, it is clear that company attained $214,318 million in sales of products. The net income of the company for the financial year 2011 is $4,909 million. When the company’s net income per share is $1.57, its cash dividends per share is $0.60. In addition, Toyota’s total current assets stand at $142,270 while total current liabilities represent the figure $129,778. The annual report 2011 indicates that the company’s total assets or total liabilities are $358,607 million. Finally, the consolidated balance sheet also shows that the total shareholder’s equity of Toyota for the year 2011 is $131,329 (Toyota, 2011). While assessing the management discussion and analysis section of the annual report, it is clear that the company management greatly emphasizes on automotive operations as this segment accounts for 89% of the Toyota’s total revenues. The report specifically states that Japan and North American are the potential market segments for the company on the basis of vehicle unit sales for the fiscal year 2011. The general tone of the management’s comments indicates that the firm would have attained much more profitability if its operations had not been affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake (Toyota, 2011). The company’s vehicle unit sales declined in its major markets including Japan and North America. However, Toyota could achieve notable improvements in Asia and other market segments as compared to the previous year. This trend indicates that Asia is developing as a potential market segment for Toyota while the company is gradually losing its roots in North Ameri ca. However, the overall vehicle unit sales have been increased from 72, 37,000 in 2010 to 73, 08,000 in 2011 despite the adverse impacts of the earthquake (Toyota, 2011). In total, the fiscal 2011 was good year for the company. The discussion summary shows that the

Global Warming and Human Actions Research Paper

Global Warming and Human Actions - Research Paper Example The sun releases energy to the atmosphere in form of radiations and some scientists argue that approximately a third of the energy released by the sun to the earth are reflected to the space upon hitting the earth’s surface (Houghton, 1997). The remaining portion of solar energy released to the earth is absorbed by the oceans and land. Consequently, the surface of the earth gets heated and becomes warm, emitting infrared rations, which are considered as long-wave. The greenhouse gases in the atmosphere tap part of the long-wave radiations, leading to the warming of the atmosphere. The gases that naturally occur as greenhouse gases consist of methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, water vapor, and carbon dioxide. Together, these gases form a natural greenhouse, which increasingly warms the Earth (Maslin, 2006). Scientists have hypothesized and are increasingly researching on the contribution of the solar energy output’s variation and its possible cause in increasing the earthâ⠂¬â„¢s temperature (Harding, n.d). However, there is an increased consensus on the role played by human beings in increasing the problem of global warming. Scientific researchers have concluded increasingly that global warming is fundamentally linked to the rising level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, mainly methane, and carbon dioxide, as a result of fossil fuel combustion, farming, deforestation, and industrial activities by human beings. This paper critically analyzes whether global warming is due to human actions or not and if there is a possibility of the human race taking actions to stop the effects of global warming or not. Is Global Warming Due Do Human Actions? Global Warming Not Because of the Human Actions The question whether the actions of human beings contribute towards global warming has long been a debate by the scientists with others refuting the assertion whereas others acknowledge it as a fact. Guy Callender, in 1938, established that the trends in global w arming contributed to the 10% rise in the level of atmospheric carbon dioxide as a result of combustion of fossil fuels. However, some scientists threw away the suggested findings of Callender arguing that large amounts of carbon dioxide gas that humans emit are dissolved safely in oceans. Later, Roger Revelle, and Hans Suess dispelled this school of thought by discovering that there was a complex chemical buffering system preventing the sea water from absorbing large volumes of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Since then, the potential of humans contributing to global warming was raised (Harding, n.d). Human beings should not be blamed for the ever-increasing levels of global warming. The increase in atmospheric temperatures may be attributed to the more vigorous solar energy’s output. A section of scientists researching on the causes of global warming have postulated that the solar activity have increased rapidly over the past decades as well as the amount of carbon dioxide from the volcanic emissions, and this may have potentially contributed to the increased amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere leading to a rise in global warming (Harding, n.d). According to the theory on solar variation, scientists assert that the sun is continually gaining strength and as a result it is as the strongest point as compared to the past years. The increased amount of radiation from the sun is therefore hypothesized as the contributing factor toward the increasing global warming phenomenon. The amount of radiant energy that the sun emits

Strategic Position Sabmiller Company Commerce Essay

Strategic Position Sabmiller Company Commerce Essay SABMiller company has a positive strategy to promote the quantity and productivity of major markets, optimize and expand an established position in the market of developing countries, seeking value-added opportunities to strengthen its position as a global beer manufacturer in the international premium beer segment develop their own brand, and actively participate in the ongoing consolidation in the industry. SABMillers success depends on its strategic focus: a balanced and attractive global business, a strong brand portfolio and expand its operations worldwide activities in the relevant market, the style of performance appraisal, the development of a strong relevant market. 1.1.1 Corporate acquisition Acquisition a brand or a business is a way that can improve the companys competitiveness and increase its market share. For the SABMiller, if it buys a brand or business, it can acquire a new turnover. It can gain new locations as well as factories and shops. Not only that, but it will gain new products and technology enabling itself to enter a new market. By the way, corporate acquisition can also give SABMiller other benefits, such as, increased value generation, increase in cost efficiency and increase in  market share. So a good and right acquisition plan for the future of the SABMillers strategic position is very important. 3 1.1.2 Foreign operations For an international organization, like SABMiller, foreign market and operations are more important than locations. Foreign operations can reduce unit costs, spread economic risks and absorb excess capacity over a wider number of markets. Foreign operations can allow firms to set up production facilities of lower cost in locations close to raw materials and cheap labor. For example, china has a huge market share, SABMiller can enter Chinese beer market by some operations, and build factories in different cities, hire local labors to reduce costs. So SABMillers strategic position should more tend to foreign operations rather than local operations. 1.2 A new vision Nowadays SABMillers vision is to be the most admired company in the global beer industry, that including investment of choice, employer of choice, partner of choice. In the future, SABMiller can develop a new vision that to be the most innovation and technology company in the global beer industry. 1.2.1 Mission statement For the customers, SABMiller is staying responsive to consumers changing needs and desires are central to competitive success. Their products face competition from rival brands and from other types of leisure activity: if we fail to offer customer and consumers the best price, quality and service, the business will suffer and with it the wealth we create for all stakeholders. 4 For the products, SABMiller has a rigorous, group-wide approach to quality control and product safety. On most sites this is based around external standard system, such as ISO, NOSA. For the technology, water scarcity, low energy costs due to large-scale investment in fossil fuel alternatives. SABMiller has been researching how to make more beer using less water and reduce their energy and carbon footprint. For the concern of employees, SABMiller seeks to be a preferred employer. Employee development SABMiller seeks to create an environment in which all individuals and teams may develop their full potential for the benefit of themselves and the group. Employee diversity SABMiller companies understand and respect the wide range of human diversity in which they operate and encourage inclusiveness with regard to human resource practices, irrespective of (among others) nationality, race, gender and physical disabilities. 1.2.2 Strategic objective In the SABMiller, there are four major strategic objectives: creating a balanced and attractive global spread of businesses, developing strong, relevant brand portfolios that win in the local market, constantly raising the profitability of local businesses, Leveraging our skills and global scale. 1.3 Strategic options 5 There are three strategic options for SABMiller: à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚  Product development à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¡Market development à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¢Diversification Porters Generic Strategies Cost leadership à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚   Differentiation à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¢ Cost focus à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¡ Differentiation focus à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¡ Ansoffs Matrix Market penetration Product development à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚   Market development à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¡ Diversification à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¢ The Bostons BCG Matrix Stars à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚   Question marks à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¢ Cash cows à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¡ Dogs Option à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚   (Product development): Product development strategy, it is to point to in the current market by the improvement of current products or develop new products to expand sales strategy. Product development strategy can avoid enterprise temporarily, optionally, blind development and into some no market value of the products, and ignore that really can improve competitiveness in the market of products opportunity. Product development strategy is the enterprise product development of military road map to guide product development direction and road signs. 6 Analysis using Generic Strategies : For the product development, the most important thing is not developing new products but improving current products. So the best way is choosing cost leadership, reducing the cost of product as much as possible. SABMiller should focus on manufacturing cost and staff cost. As a beer company, SABMiller can research new technology that use less water to produce more beer. Then, they can build their factories in developing countries, such as Indian, China and Malaysia, using cheap labor to reduce the cost. Analysis using Ansoffs Matrix: SABMiller can extend its product by producing different variants, or packaging existing products it in new ways. Develop related products or services, shorten its time to market, or improve customer service or quality. Analysis using BCG Matrix: The further development of star product is the most important. In the SABMiller, there are at least five beers brands that are popular in South Africa, Miller Genuine Draft, Pilsner Urquell, Peroni, Amstel and Castle Light Lager. These five beers occupy the 75 percent market share in South Africa. So constantly expanding the market and improving these star products are the main strategies to SABMiller. Option à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¡ (Market development): Market development strategy is the enterprise in the complex market environment, to achieve specific marketing objectives and design of the long-term, stable action plan, form the guidance 7 enterprise marketing global goal and management policy. Market development strategy is the unity of the goal and means. No goal, we have no way, no strategic measures, the goal is not possible. Analysis using Generic Strategies : In the market development, SABMiller should use focus strategy, cost focus and differentiation focus. For the cost focus, SABMiller can try its best to decrease the cost, then they can decrease the price of their products, it is a good way to keep customers loyalty and get more new customers. For the differentiation focus, suppliers have power due to low volumes, but a differentiation-focused firm is better able to pass on supplier price increase. Analysis using Ansoffs Matrix: SABMiller can target different geographical markets, use different marketing channels, such as direct sales or online, if you through the trade selling, target different groups of people, perhaps with different genders or age groups from your normal customers. Analysis using BCG Matrix: In the field of product produce large amounts of cash, but the future growth prospects are limited. This is a leader of mature market, it is the source of enterprise cash. As the market has matured, the enterprise need not a lot of investment to expand the size of the market, at the same time as the market leader, this business enjoy economies of scale and high marginal profit advantages, thus brings to the enterprise to large amounts of cash flow. Enterprise often uses cash cows business to pay for the account 8 and support other business that need a large amount of cash. Cash cows for the business strategic framework mentioned stable strategy, purpose is to keep the market share of the SBUs. Option à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¢ (Diversification): Diversification involves growing the scope of products or markets served by an organization. Related diversification involves diversifying into products or services with relationships to the existing business. Analysis using Generic Strategies: A differentiation strategy for SABMiller products and competitors products that have significant differences to form the distinctive characteristics. SABMiller highlights the differences between its own products and competitors. Analysis using Ansoffs Matrix: Diversification can be a good choice, for SABMiller, but compared to other options, it is not very attractive. In fact, SABMiller is a publicly traded company that can manage their own portfolio harder for real portfolio management as a shareholder. It can work in favor of the SABMiller manufacturer, if you can add enterprise, the portfolio can support and complement its core beer business. Analysis using BCG Matrix: Diversification is to reduce the risk of investment, but it also has risk. So we should use question marks to analysis these diversified investment, a good investment can make products become to stars or cash cows but a bad investment can also mean that the investment is fail. If 9 SABMiller produce a new beer, it should analysis whether this beer can occupy the market share and have high growth. 1.4 Recommendation Above those three strategic options, I will recommend market development to SABMiller. SABMiller achieved great success in South Africa market, but to the world, the biggest market is China. Chinese customers consume forty-five million seven hundred and sixty thousand tons beer each year. If SABMiller can choose a correct market development strategy in China, it will get a greater development. 1.5 Conclusion The key point to SABMillers success is its management of strategic brand and its brand portfolio. But in the future, it has to face more challenge and competitive. SO SABMiller should continue improving its strategy, developing innovation and technology.

Reflective Log: Post Modernity

Through the lecture of week 2, I understood the definition of post modernity. It is defined that ‘Post modernity is a reaction to the advanced alienation of late capitalism tempt to restore some meaning to the existential despair over the growing irrationality of modernity’ (Lee, 1992). In addition, I also learned that post modernity has many characteristics which consists of hyper reality, chronology, fragmentation, dedifferentiation, pastiche, anti-foundationalism, reversals of production and consumption, decentering of subject and paradoxical juxtapositions. However, I did not understand what they are and it is really complex to learn initially. After the lecture, I knew them better than before. For example, Disney land theme parks all over the world could be strongly reflected the hyper reality. Personally, Hyperrealism is a symptom of postmodern culture. Hyper reality does not â€Å"exist† or â€Å"not exist. It is simply a way of describing the information to which the consciousness is subject. I good understand about this feature. Furthermore, take ‘Hui Li’ Sneakers in China as a good example. This brand sneaker is popular in 1990s, and goes out of the market for nearly 20 years, but it is popular on the market up again as the symbol of the main trend. Moreover, pastiche as a feature in post modernity was reflected interestingly. For example, in the post modern society, those creative people are not rigidly adhere to old things and want to use modern elements on the basis of the original classics. A famous oil painting of ‘The Last Supper’ by Leonardo da Vinci was recreated in a new interesting style. I have understood three features of hyper reality, chronology and pastiche very well. Nevertheless, the rest features are not so well understanding about them, and I will continually learn them step by step.